英文学术词汇与写作方法总结

英文学术词汇积累

• cognition
  • embodied cognition 具身认知
  • cognitive science 认知科学
• perception
  • self-perception 自我感知（观念）
• entangle

  • reflections are entangled with the perspectives and vioces 思绪与视角和声音纠缠在一起

  • rational
  • inherently rational 生而理性
• skepticism
  • encounter the world with skepticism 以怀疑的态度对待世界
• dispute
  • accept or dispute the opinion 接受或质疑观点
• synthesis
  • synthesis different findings and ideas 综合不同的发现与想法
• thesis
  • a sophisticated thesis statement 一个复杂（富有经验的）的论点

英文学术写作方法

Paraphrasing

• Paraphrasing strategies（改写）

  • Use synonyms or synonymous phrases
  • Change the form of the words
  • Change the sentence structure（`orders, conjunctions, vioces, etc.）

• Three Criteria（引用）

  • Cited sources（Author(date) wirtes that ….）
  • Change the orginal words in the article（Using Paraphrasing strategies above）
  • Maintain the same content

  

• Paraphrase in 5 steps

  • 熟读文献直到完全理解其句式结构和意义
  • 勾画出关键术语和源材料表述
  • 用自己的话重写勾画出的内容（同义词替换/修改词性/句式结构）
  • 重新组织信息（修改语序）
  • 添加引用信息

Facts & Opinions

• IMRaD Structture
  • Introduction

    1. review literature
    2. present thesis statement

  • Methods
  • Resultes
  • Discussion

    1. interpret research findings
    2. discuss limitations

• Recognize opinions
  • view

    v.：accuse/allege/argue/assume/belive/claim/conclude/consider/criticize/doubt..
    n.：:assusation/allegation/argument/analysis/assumption/belif…

  • contrast

    but/however/yet/on the other hand/in theory/in practice…

  • qualifying

    always/often/never/only/usually/must/should/have to/likely/possibly…

  • assessment

    n.：accuracy/defect/error/fallacy/fault/flaw/illusion/conception…
    adj.：amazing/surprising/profound/evident…
    adv.：extremely/dramatically/honestly/undoubtedly…

• Organizations
  • calssification 分门别类
  • chronological order 时间先后
  • climactic order 循序渐进
  • comparasion & contrast 异同比较

Improve language complexity

• Vocabulary complexity（词汇复杂性）

  • longer and lexically denser words
  • more varied vocabulary
  • more noun-based phrases

• Syntactic Complexity（句式复杂性）

  • passive voice
  • more varied sentence patterns
  • more modifiers in a sentence

• Strategies to improve complexity

  1. complex sentence structure：使用连接词、嵌入其他语句
  2. relative clauses（关系从句） ：补充对名词的描述，减少主语的重复
  3. stance adverbials（副词/状语位置） ：放在句子开头，引出下文or承上启下

     doubt：seemingly/arguably/presumably certainty：undoubtedly/unquestionably/undeniably emphasis：in fact/actually expectation：predictably/inevitably reaction：interestingly/surprisingly/unexpectedly/unfortunately

  4. punctuation
  5. noun phrases（名词在句子中的位置更灵活）